Climate Change and Labor Migration Threaten Assam’s Tea Sector

Rising temperatures and erratic rainfall are increasingly affecting tea cultivation in Assam, with farmers reporting higher pest incidences and reduced yields. The situation is compounded by a noticeable exodus of plantation workers, many of whom are moving to urban centers in search of better wages and living conditions. This labor shortage is forcing tea estates to rely on mechanization and temporary labor, further straining the sector’s productivity. The decline in tea output threatens the rural economy, as the industry supports thousands of families, local businesses, and community services. In response, state authorities and tea boards are exploring climate‑resilient tea varieties, offering incentives for workers, and investing in training programs to stabilize the workforce.